Acitretin

Generic name: Acitretin
Brand names: Soriatane

Why is Acitretin prescribed?

Soriatane is prescribed for several types of severe psoriasis, a chronic skin condition that causes inflamed red patches with silvery scales. In more severe cases, the skin thickens with painful patches that fill with pus and crust over, sometimes on large portions of the body. Psoriasis can appear anywhere, but most commonly erupts on the chest and back, elbows and knees, feet and hands, scalp, and fingernails. Soriatane is used when milder forms of treatment have failed.

It's important to remember that Soriatane does not cure psoriasis; it merely helps keep it under control. Your condition may return if you stop treatment.

Most important fact about Acitretin

Soriatane must never be taken during pregnancy, as it can cause severe birth defects and physical abnormalities in a developing baby. You must not become pregnant while taking Soriatane, and you must also avoid becoming pregnant for a full 3 years after you stop taking it.

Before starting Soriatane therapy, women of childbearing age must receive birth control counseling and sign a detailed consent form stating they understand the consequences of birth control failure, the risk of birth defects, and the warning not to use alcohol (see "Special warnings about Acitretin"). You must have two negative pregnancy tests, one when you and your doctor decide on a course of Soriatane therapy and one immediately before starting treatment. You must take monthly pregnancy tests and continue to receive regular birth control counseling while using Acitretin.

In addition, you must use two forms of reliable birth control for at least 1 month prior to starting treatment, as well as for the entire time you take Soriatane and for a full 3 years after discontinuing therapy. It can take 3 years for Acitretin to be eliminated from the body.

You cannot choose progestin "mini-pill" products (such as Micronor, Nor-QD, and Ovrette) as a form of birth control because Soriatane interferes with their effectiveness. It is not yet known whether Soriatane interferes with the reliability of other hormone-based contraceptives (combination estrogen/progestin birth control pills, implants, and injections). A qualified counselor or doctor must clearly explain what kinds of birth control are effective. Women taking Soriatane who have previously taken the drug Tegison (etretinate) must continue to follow the birth control requirements for Tegison.

Your doctor can give you a referral for free birth control counseling and pregnancy testing. If you accidentally become pregnant, miss a menstrual period, or have unprotected sex while taking Soriatane, stop taking the drug and call your doctor immediately.

How should you take Acitretin?

Take Soriatane with food, exactly as prescribed by your doctor, at about the same time each day. Symptoms sometimes worsen after treatment begins, and it may take several months for your condition to improve.

--If you miss a dose...

Take the forgotten dose as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the one you missed and return to your regular schedule. Do not take two doses at once.

--Storage instructions...

Store at room temperature, away from light and humidity, in a childproof container.

What side effects may occur?

Side effects cannot be anticipated. If any develop or change in intensity, tell your doctor as soon as possible. Only your doctor can determine if it is safe to continue using Soriatane.

More common side effects may include:
Abnormal bone growth or pain, abnormal skin changes (itching, peeling, rash, sensitivity, thinning), blood clot, changes in blood sugar or cholesterol and triglyceride (blood fat) levels, depression, eye symptoms (dryness, pain, redness, sensitivity), heart attack, joint pain, lip inflammation, liver disorders, muscle weakness, numbness or swelling of the hands or feet, inflammation of the pancreas, stroke, thoughts of suicide or self-injury, vision problems (blurring difficulty seeing at night)

Why should Acitretin not be prescribed?

Do not take Soriatane if it causes an allergic reaction or if you have ever had an allergic reaction to other drugs like it (retinoids such as Accutane and Tegison). You must also avoid Acitretin if you have kidney or liver disease, or if you have abnormally high cholesterol or triglyceride levels.

You must not take Soriatane if you are pregnant or if you plan to become pregnant within the next 3 years (see "Most important fact about Acitretin").

Soriatane must never be taken with the drugs methotrexate (Rheumatrex and Trexall) or tetracycline antibiotics (such as Achromycin V and Sumycin). The combination can cause serious, sometimes life-threatening illness.

Special warnings about Acitretin

You must not become pregnant while taking Soriatane or within 3 years of taking it (see "Most important fact about Acitretin").

Do not drink alcohol or take products containing alcohol while using Soriatane and for at least 2 months after discontinuing treatment. Combining alcohol with Acitretin causes a chemical change that makes it stay in your system longer. Read the labels on all foods and over-the-counter products to make sure they do not contain alcohol.

Soriatane causes significant changes in the level of sugar and fats in the blood. People with a history of alcoholism, diabetes, heart disease, or high levels of cholesterol or triglycerides, as well as those who are overweight, must be closely monitored when taking Soriatane.

People with degenerative spine or bone conditions must be checked regularly during treatment with Soriatane, since the drug can cause changes in their condition. Drugs like Soriatane are known to cause skeletal and bone growth problems in children. The safety and effectiveness of Soriatane have not been studied in children.

Soriatane may cause mental and behavioral changes. If you start to have symptoms of depression or aggression while taking Soriatane, or if you have thoughts of suicide or self-injury, call the doctor immediately.

Because eye conditions can worsen during Soriatane treatment, you must be carefully monitored by your doctor. The drug can cause decreased night vision and can interfere with the ability to drive or operate a vehicle safely at night. It can also interfere with the ability to wear contact lenses. Be sure to report any vision and eye problems to your doctor right away.

Soriatane increases the effects of sunlight. To prevent burning, do not stay in the sun for long periods; wear protective clothing, sunglasses, and sunscreen; and avoid using sun lamps or tanning beds. If you're being treated with phototherapy--that is, light therapy specifically used for certain skin conditions--your doctor may decrease the dosage of light while you're taking Soriatane.

Both men and women being treated with Soriatane may not give blood for at least 3 years.

Possible food and drug interactions when taking Acitretin

Do not drink alcohol or take products that contain alcohol while using Soriatane (see "Special warnings about Acitretin). Always check labels for alcohol content.

Avoid taking vitamin supplements that contain vitamin A without your doctor's approval. Soriatane is chemically related to vitamin A, and taking too much can cause harmful side effects or a toxic overdose.

If you take the herb St. John's wort, do not use hormonal estrogen/progestin pills, implants, or injections as a form of birth control. Women who take these products together can become pregnant. Make sure your doctor knows about any over-the-counter products you are taking.

If Soriatane is taken with certain other drugs, the effects of either could be increased, decreased, or altered. It is especially important to check with your doctor before combining Soriatane with the following:

Birth control "mini-pills" containing progestin, such as Micronor, Nor-QD, and Ovrette
Demeclocycline (Declomycin)
Doxycyline (Doryx, Vibramycin)
Etretinate (Tegison)
Methotrexate (Rheumatrex, Trexall)
Minocycline (Dynacin, Minocin)
Retinoids such as isotretinoin (Accutane) and tretinoin (Vesanoid)
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Tetracycline (Achromycin V, Sumycin)

Special information if you are pregnant or breastfeeding

If taken during pregnancy, Soriatane can cause severe birth defects and physical abnormalities in a developing baby (see "Most important fact about Acitretin"). Do not take Soriatane if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant within 3 years after you stop taking it.

Do not take Soriatane if you're breastfeeding, as it can harm a nursing baby.

Recommended dosage

ADULTS

The recommended dose is 25 to 50 milligrams once a day, taken with your main meal. The pharmacist who fills your prescription will also provide you with a Soriatane medication guide.

Overdosage

Any medication taken in excess can have serious consequences. If you suspect an overdose, seek emergency treatment immediately.

After an overdose of Soriatane, all women of childbearing age must take a pregnancy test. They must also be counseled on the risk of birth defects and the need to use two effective forms of birth control for the next 3 years.

Symptoms of overdose may include:
Headache, vertigo (dizziness and a feeling that you or the room is spinning or moving)


Image : Acitretin

AcipHex

Generic name: Rabeprazole sodium
Brand names: AcipHex

Why is AcipHex prescribed?

AcipHex blocks acid production in the stomach. It is prescribed for the short-term (4 to 8 weeks) treatment of sores and inflammation in the upper digestive canal (esophagus). This condition, known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), is caused by the backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus over a prolonged period of time. Because GERD can be chronic, your doctor may continue to prescribe AcipHex to prevent a relapse after your initial course of treatment and to relieve symptoms of GERD such as heartburn.

AcipHex can also be prescribed for the short-term (up to 4 weeks) treatment of duodenal ulcers (ulcers that form just outside the stomach at the top of the small intestine), and for Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, a disease which causes the stomach to produce too much acid. The drug is classified as a "proton pump inhibitor." It works by blocking a specific enzyme essential to the production of stomach acid. It begins reducing acid within an hour of administration.

AcipHex is sometimes combined with the antibiotics amoxicillin and clarithromycin to treat infections caused by H. pylori, a type of bacteria that lives in the digestive tract and is often associated with recurrent ulcers.

Most important fact about AcipHex

AcipHex will work even if your symptoms are caused by a serious condition such as stomach cancer. For that reason, doctors are warned to rule out cancer whenever prescribing AcipHex.

How should you take AcipHex?

Take AcipHex once a day, with or without food. Swallow the tablet whole; it should not be crushed, chewed, or split. You can continue taking antacids during AcipHex therapy.

If you're using AcipHex along with amoxicillin and clarithromycin, take all three drugs at the same time twice a day, once in the morning and again in the evening. This three-drug regimen should be taken with meals.

--If you miss a dose...

Take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the one you missed and go back to your regular schedule. Do not take two doses at once.

--Storage instructions...

AcipHex should be stored at room temperature and protected from moisture.

What side effects may occur?

Side effects cannot be anticipated. If any develop or change in intensity, tell your doctor as soon as possible. Only your doctor can determine if it is safe for you to continue taking AcipHex. Headache is the most common side effect of AcipHex, occurring in two people out of 100.

Why should AcipHex not be prescribed?

If AcipHex gives you an allergic reaction, you will not be able to use it.

Special warnings about AcipHex

If you have stomach ulcers caused by the H. pylori bacteria, AcipHex could make the condition slightly worse. The doctor may order a test for H. pylori before prescribing AcipHex. If you test positive, the doctor may prescribe antibiotics along with AcipHex.

AcipHex has not been tested in children under 18 years of age.

Possible food and drug interactions when taking AcipHex

If AcipHex is taken with certain other drugs, the effects of either could be increase, decreased, or altered. It is especially important to check with your doctor before combining AcipHex with the following:

Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Ketoconazole (Nizoral)
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Special information if you are pregnant or breastfeeding

The effects of AcipHex during pregnancy have not been adequately studied. If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant, inform your doctor immediately. The drug may appear in breast milk and should not be taken while you're breastfeeding.

Recommended dosage

ADULTS

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

The usual dose is 20 milligrams once a day for 4 to 8 weeks. For patients who have not healed after 8 weeks, the doctor may prescribe an additional 8-week course of AcipHex therapy.

To Relieve Symptoms or Prevent a Relapse of GERD

The usual dose is 20 milligrams once a day.

Duodenal Ulcer

The usual dose is 20 milligrams taken once daily after the morning meal for a period of up to 4 weeks. Some people may require an additional 4 weeks of treatment.

Combination Drug Treatment to Eliminate H. Pylori

The recommended combination is 20 milligrams of AcipHex, 1,000 milligrams of amoxicillin, and 500 milligrams of clarithromycin taken twice a day for 7 days. It's important to take all three drugs for the entire 7 days. Cutting the treatment short could fail to eliminate the infection and possibly lead to antibiotic resistance.

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

The usual starting dose is 60 milligrams once a day, although your doctor may adjust the dose based on your individual need. Doses of up to 100 milligrams once a day or 60 milligrams twice a day are sometimes prescribed.

Overdosage

Little is known about AcipHex overdose. However, any medication taken in excess can have serious consequences. If you suspect an overdose, seek medical attention immediately.

Image : AcipHex

Acetazolamide

Generic name: Acetazolamide
Brand names: Diamox

Why is Acetazolamide prescribed?

Diamox controls fluid secretion. It is used in the treatment of glaucoma (excessive pressure in the eyes), epilepsy (for both brief and unlocalized seizures), and fluid retention due to congestive heart failure or drugs. It is also used to prevent or relieve the symptoms of acute mountain sickness in climbers attempting a rapid climb and those who feel sick even though they are making a gradual climb.

Most important fact about Acetazolamide

This drug is considered to be a sulfa drug because of its chemical properties. Although rare, severe reactions have been reported with sulfa drugs. If you develop a rash, bruises, sore throat, or fever contact your doctor immediately.

How should you take Acetazolamide?

Take Acetazolamide exactly as prescribed by your doctor.

--If you miss a dose...

Take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the one you missed and go back to your regular schedule. Never take 2 doses at the same time.

--Storage instructions...

Store at room temperature.

What side effects may occur?

Side effects cannot be anticipated. If any develop or change in intensity, inform your doctor as soon as possible. Only your doctor can determine if it is safe for you to continue taking Diamox.

More common side effects may include:
Change in taste, diarrhea, increase in amount or frequency of urination, loss of appetite, nausea, ringing in the ears, tingling or pins and needles in hands or feet, vomiting

Why should Acetazolamide not be prescribed?

Your doctor will not prescribe Acetazolamide for you if your sodium or potassium levels are low, or if you have kidney or liver disease, including cirrhosis.

Diamox should not be used as a long-term treatment for the type of glaucoma called chronic noncongestive angle-closure glaucoma.

Special warnings about Acetazolamide

Be very careful about taking high doses of aspirin if you are also taking Diamox. Effects of this combination can range from loss of appetite, sluggishness, and rapid breathing to unresponsiveness; the combination can be fatal.

If you have emphysema or other breathing disorders, use Acetazolamide with caution.

If you are taking Diamox to help in rapid ascent of a mountain, you must still come down promptly if you show signs of severe mountain sickness.

Possible food and drug interactions when taking Acetazolamide

If Diamox is taken with certain other drugs, the effects of either could be increased, decreased, or altered. It is especially important to check with your doctor before combining Diamox with the following:

Amitriptyline (Elavil)
Amphetamines such as Dexedrine
Aspirin
Cyclosporine (Sandimmune)
Lithium (Lithonate)
Methenamine (Urex)
Oral diabetes drugs such as Micronase
Quinidine (Quinidex)

Special information if you are pregnant or breastfeeding

The effects of Diamox during pregnancy have not been adequately studied. If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant, inform your doctor immediately. Diamox may appear in breast milk and could affect a nursing infant. If Acetazolamide is essential to your health, your doctor may advise you to discontinue breastfeeding until your treatment with Diamox is finished.

Recommended dosage

ADULTS

This medication is available in both oral and injectable form. Dosages are for the oral form only.

Glaucoma

This medication is used as an addition to regular glaucoma treatment. Dosages for open-angle glaucoma range from 250 milligrams to 1 gram per 24 hours in 2 or more smaller doses. Your doctor will supervise your dosage and watch the effect of Acetazolamide carefully if you are using it for glaucoma. In secondary glaucoma and before surgery in acute congestive (closed-angle) glaucoma, the usual dosage is 250 milligrams every 4 hours or, in some cases, 250 milligrams twice a day. Some people may take 500 milligrams to start, and then 125 or 250 milligrams every 4 hours. The injectable form of Acetazolamide is occasionally used in acute cases.

The usual dosage of Diamox Sequels (sustained-release capsules) is 1 capsule (500 milligrams) twice a day, usually in the morning and evening.

Your doctor may adjust the dosage, as needed.

Epilepsy

The daily dosage is 8 to 30 milligrams per 2.2 pounds of body weight in 2 or more doses. Typical dosage may range from 375 to 1,000 milligrams per day. Your doctor will adjust the dosage to suit your needs; Diamox can be used with other anticonvulsant medication.

Congestive Heart Failure

The usual starting dosage to reduce fluid retention in people with congestive heart failure is 250 milligrams to 375 milligrams per day or 5 milligrams per 2.2 pounds of body weight, taken in the morning. Diamox works best when it is taken every other day--or 2 days on, 1 day off--for this condition.

Edema Due to Medication

The usual dose is 250 milligrams to 375 milligrams daily for 1 or 2 days, alternating with a day of rest.

Acute Mountain Sickness

The usual dose is 500 milligrams to 1,000 milligrams a day in 2 or more doses, using either tablets or sustained-release capsules. Doses of Acetazolamide are often begun 1 or 2 days before attempting to reach high altitudes.

CHILDREN

The safety and effectiveness of Diamox in children have not been established. However, doses of 8 milligrams to 30 milligrams per 2.2 pounds of body weight have been used in children with various forms of epilepsy.

Overdosage

There is no specific information available on Diamox overdose, but any medication taken in excess can have serious consequences. If you suspect an overdose, seek medical attention immediately.

Acetaminophen

Generic name: Acetaminophen
Brand names: Tylenol, Aspirin Free Anacin

Why is Acetaminophen prescribed?

Tylenol is a fever- and pain-reducing medication that is widely used to relieve simple headaches and muscle aches; the minor aches and pains associated with the common cold; backache; toothache; minor pain of arthritis; and menstrual cramps.

Most important fact about Acetaminophen

Do not use Tylenol to relieve pain for more than 10 days, or to reduce fever for more than 3 days unless your doctor has specifically told you to do so.

How should you take Acetaminophen?

Follow the dosing instructions on the label. Do not take more Tylenol than is recommended.

--If you miss a dose...

Take Acetaminophen only as needed.

--Storage instructions...

Store at room temperature. Protect extra strength gelcaps and geltabs from high humidity and excessive heat. Keep the extended relief caplets away from high heat.

What side effects may occur?

Tylenol is relatively free of side effects. Rarely, an allergic reaction may occur. If you develop any allergic symptoms such as rash, hives, swelling, or difficulty breathing, stop taking Tylenol immediately and notify your doctor.

Special warnings about Acetaminophen

Stop taking Tylenol and check with your doctor if you develop new symptoms, if redness or swelling are present, if pain gets worse or lasts more than 10 days, or if fever gets worse or lasts more than 3 days. Children's and Junior Strength Tylenol should not be used for more than 5 days for pain, or 3 days for fever.

If you generally drink 3 or more alcoholic beverages per day, check with your doctor about using Tylenol and other acetaminophen-containing products, and never take more than the recommended dosage. There is a possibility of damage to the liver when large amounts of alcohol and acetaminophen are combined.

Possible food and drug interactions when taking Acetaminophen

If Tylenol is taken with certain other drugs the effects of either could be increased, decreased, or altered. It is especially important to check with your doctor before combining Tylenol with the following:

Alcohol
Cholestyramine (Questran)
Isoniazid (Nydrazid)
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as Dolobid and Motrin
Oral Contraceptives
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Zidovudine (Retrovir)

Tylenol should not be used with other products containing acetaminophen.

Special information if you are pregnant or breastfeeding

As with all medications, ask your doctor or health care professional whether it is safe for you to use Tylenol while you are pregnant or breastfeeding.

Recommended dosage

ADULTS AND CHILDREN 12 YEARS AND OLDER

Tylenol Regular Strength

The usual dose is 2 tablets every 4 to 6 hours. Do not take more than 12 caplets or tablets in 24 hours.

Tylenol Extra Strength

The usual dose is 2 pills or tablespoonfuls every 4 to 6 hours. Do not take more than 8 pills or tablespoonfuls in 24 hours.

Tylenol Extended Relief

The usual dose is 2 caplets every 8 hours, not to exceed 6 caplets in any 24 hour period. Swallow each caplet whole. Do not crush, chew, or dissolve the caplets.

CHILDREN 6 TO 12 YEARS OLD

Tylenol Regular Strength

One-half to 1 tablet every 4 to 6 hours. Children in this age group should not be given more than 5 doses in 24 hours.

Junior Strength Tylenol

All doses of Junior Strength Tylenol chewable tablets may be repeated every 4 hours, up to 5 times a day. The usual dose for children 6 to 8 years of age is 2 tablets; 9 to 10 years, 2-1/2 tablets; 11 years, 3 tablets; 12 years, 4 tablets

Children's Tylenol

All doses of Children's Tylenol may be repeated every 4 hours, but not more than 5 times daily. Chewable tablets: The usual dose for children 6 to 8 years of age is 4 tablets; 9 to 10 years, 5 tablets; 11 to 12 years, 6 tablets. Suspension liquid: (A special cup for measuring dosage is provided.) The usual dose for children 6 to 8 years of age is 2 teaspoons; 9 to 10 years, 2-1/2 teaspoons; 11 to 12 years, 3 teaspoons.

CHILDREN UNDER 6 YEARS OLD

Children's Tylenol

All doses of Children's Tylenol may be repeated every 4 hours, but not more than 5 times daily. Children under 2 years old should be given Children's Tylenol only on the advice of a physician. Chewable tablets: The usual dose for children 2 to 3 years of age is 2 tablets; 4 to 5 years, 3 tablets. Suspension liquid: (A special cup for measuring dosage is provided.) The usual dose for children 4 to 11 months of age is 1/2 teaspoon; 12 to 23 months, 3/4 teaspoon; 2 to 3 years, 1 teaspoon; 4 to 5 years, 1-1/2 teaspoons.

Infants' Tylenol Concentrated Drops

The usual dose for children 0 to 3 months of age is 0.4 milliliter; 4 to 11 months, 0.8 milliliter; 12 to 23 months, 1.2 milliliters; 2 to 3 years, 1.6 milliliters.

Overdosage

Any medication taken in excess can have serious consequences. If you suspect an overdose, seek medical attention immediately. Massive doses of Tylenol may cause liver damage.

Symptoms of Tylenol overdose may include:
Excessive perspiration, exhaustion, general discomfort, nausea, vomiting


Image : Acetaminophen

Acetaminophen, Oxycodone hydrochloride

Generic name: Acetaminophen, Oxycodone hydrochloride
Brand names: Endocet, Roxicet, Tylox, Percocet

Why is Acetaminophen, Oxycodone hydrochloride prescribed?

Percocet, a narcotic analgesic, is used to treat moderate to moderately severe pain. It contains two drugs--acetaminophen and oxycodone. Acetaminophen is used to reduce both pain and fever. Oxycodone, a narcotic analgesic, is used for its calming effect and for pain.

Most important fact about Acetaminophen, Oxycodone hydrochloride

Percocet contains a narcotic and, even if taken only in prescribed amounts, can cause physical and psychological dependence when taken for a long time.

How should you take Acetaminophen, Oxycodone hydrochloride?

Percocet may be taken with meals or with milk.

--If you miss a dose...

If you take Percocet on a regular schedule, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for the next dose, skip the one you missed and go back to your regular schedule. Never take 2 doses at once.

--Storage instructions...

Store at room temperature.

What side effects may occur?

Side effects cannot be anticipated. If any develop or change in intensity, inform your doctor as soon as possible. Only your doctor can determine if it is safe for you to continue taking Percocet.

More common side effects may include:
Dizziness, light-headedness, nausea, sedation, vomiting

You may be able to alleviate some of these side effects by lying down.

Why should Acetaminophen, Oxycodone hydrochloride not be prescribed?

You should not use Percocet if you are sensitive to either acetaminophen or oxycodone.

Special warnings about Acetaminophen, Oxycodone hydrochloride

You should take Percocet cautiously and according to your doctor's instructions, as you would take any medication containing a narcotic. If you have ever had a problem with alcohol addiction, make sure your doctor is aware of it.

If you have experienced a head injury, consult your doctor before taking Percocet. The effects of Percocet may be stronger for people with head injuries, and using it may delay recovery.

If you have stomach problems, such as an ulcer, check with your doctor before taking Percocet. Percocet may hide the symptoms of stomach problems, making them difficult to diagnose and treat.

If you have ever had liver, kidney, thyroid gland, or Addison's disease (a disease of the adrenal glands), difficulty urinating, or an enlarged prostate, consult your doctor before taking Percocet.

Elderly people or those in a weakened condition should take Percocet cautiously.

This drug may impair your ability to drive a car or operate potentially dangerous machinery. Do not participate in any activities that require full alertness if you are unsure about the drug's effect on you.

Possible food and drug interactions when taking Acetaminophen, Oxycodone hydrochloride

Alcohol may increase the sedative effects of Percocet. You should not take Percocet with alcohol.

If Percocet is taken with certain other drugs, the effects of either could be increased, decreased, or altered. It is especially important to check with your doctor before combining Percocet with the following:

Antispasmodic drugs such as Cogentin, Bentyl, and Donnatal
Major tranquilizers such as Thorazine and Mellaril
Other narcotic painkillers such as Darvon and Demerol
Sedatives such as phenobarbital and Seconal
Tranquilizers such as Xanax and Valium

Special information if you are pregnant or breastfeeding

It is not known whether Percocet can injure a developing baby or affect a woman's reproductive capacity. Using any medication that contains a narcotic during pregnancy may cause physical addiction for your newborn baby. If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant, inform your doctor immediately. As with other narcotic painkillers, taking Percocet shortly before delivery (especially at higher dosages) may cause some degree of impaired breathing in the mother and newborn. It is not known whether Percocet appears in breast milk, possibly harming a nursing infant. If you are breastfeeding use Percocet only under a doctor's directions.

Recommended dosage

ADULTS

The usual dose is 1 to 2 tablets of the lowest strength (2.5 milligrams oxycodone/325 milligrams acetaminophen) every 6 hours. Doctors sometimes prescribe a higher dose if necessary. The total daily dose of acetaminophen should not exceed 4 grams. The maximum daily dose recommended for each strength of Percocet (oxycodone/acetaminophen) is as follows:

2.5 milligrams/325 milligrams: 12 tablets
5 milligrams/325 milligrams: 12 tablets
7.5 milligrams/500 milligrams: 8 tablets
10 milligrams/650 milligrams: 6 tablets

CHILDREN

The safety and effectiveness of Percocet have not been established in children.

Overdosage

A severe overdose of Percocet can be fatal. If you suspect an overdose, seek medical help immediately.

Symptoms of Percocet overdose may include:
Bluish skin, eyes or skin with yellow tone, cold and clammy skin, decreased or irregular breathing (ceasing in severe overdose), extreme sleepiness progressing to stupor or coma, heart attack, low blood pressure, muscle weakness, nausea, slow heartbeat, sweating, vague bodily discomfort, vomiting


Image : Acetaminophen, Oxycodone hydrochloride

Acetaminophen, Codeine phosphate

Generic name: Acetaminophen, Codeine phosphate
Brand names: Phenaphen with Codeine, Tylenol with Codeine

Why is Acetaminophen, Codeine phosphate prescribed?

Tylenol with Codeine, a narcotic analgesic, is used to treat mild to moderately severe pain. It contains two drugs--acetaminophen and codeine. Acetaminophen, an antipyretic (fever-reducing) analgesic, is used to reduce pain and fever. Codeine, a narcotic analgesic, is used to treat pain that is moderate to severe.

People who are allergic to aspirin can take Tylenol with Codeine.

Most important fact about Acetaminophen, Codeine phosphate

Tylenol with Codeine contains a narcotic (codeine) and, even if taken in prescribed amounts, can cause physical and psychological addiction if taken for a long enough time.

Addiction may be more of a risk for a person who has been addicted to alcohol or drugs. Be sure to follow your doctor's instructions carefully when taking Tylenol with Codeine (or any other drugs that contain a narcotic).

How should you take Acetaminophen, Codeine phosphate?

Tylenol with Codeine may be taken with meals or with milk (but not with alcohol).

--If you miss a dose...

If you take Acetaminophen, Codeine phosphate on a regular schedule, take the forgotten dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the one you missed and go back to your regular schedule. Do not take 2 doses at once.

--Storage instructions...

Store away from heat, light, and moisture. Keep the liquid from freezing.

What side effects may occur?

Side effects cannot be anticipated. If any develop or change in intensity, inform your doctor as soon as possible. Only your doctor can determine if it is safe for you to continue taking Tylenol with Codeine.

More common side effects may include:
Dizziness, light-headedness, nausea, sedation, shortness of breath, vomiting

Why should Acetaminophen, Codeine phosphate not be prescribed?

You should not use Tylenol with Codeine if you are sensitive to either acetaminophen (Tylenol) or codeine.

Special warnings about Acetaminophen, Codeine phosphate

You should take Tylenol with Codeine cautiously and only according to your doctor's instructions, as you would take any medication containing a narcotic. Make sure your doctor is aware of any problems you have had with drug or alcohol addiction.

Tylenol with Codeine tablets contain a sulfite that may cause allergic reactions in some people. These reactions may include shock and severe, possibly life-threatening, asthma attacks. People with asthma are more likely to be sensitive to sulfites.

If you have experienced a head injury, consult your doctor before taking Tylenol with Codeine.

If you have stomach problems, such as an ulcer, check with your doctor before taking Tylenol with Codeine. Tylenol with Codeine may obscure the symptoms of stomach problems, making them difficult to diagnose and treat.

If you have ever had liver, kidney, thyroid, or adrenal disease, difficulty urinating, or an enlarged prostate, consult your doctor before taking Tylenol with Codeine.

If you generally drink 3 or more alcoholic beverages per day, check with your doctor before using Tylenol with Codeine and other acetaminophen-containing products, and never take more than the recommended dosage. There is a possibility of damage to the liver when large amounts of alcohol and acetaminophen are combined.

This drug may cause drowsiness and impair your ability to drive a car or operate potentially dangerous machinery. Do not participate in any activities that require full attention when using Acetaminophen, Codeine phosphate until you are sure of its effect on you.

Possible food and drug interactions when taking Acetaminophen, Codeine phosphate

Alcohol may increase the sedative effects of Tylenol with Codeine. Therefore, do not drink alcohol while you are taking Acetaminophen, Codeine phosphate.

If Tylenol with Codeine is taken with certain other drugs, the effects of either could be increased, decreased, or altered. It is especially important to check with your doctor before combining Tylenol with Codeine with the following:

Antidepressants such as Elavil, Nardil, Parnate, and Tofranil
Drugs that control spasms, such as Cogentin
Major tranquilizers such as Clozaril and Thorazine
Other narcotic painkillers such as Darvon
Tranquilizers such as Xanax and Valium

Special information if you are pregnant or breastfeeding

It is not known if Tylenol with Codeine could injure a baby, or if it could affect a woman's reproductive capacity. Using any medication that contains a narcotic during pregnancy may cause babies to be born with a physical addiction to the narcotic. If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant, you should not take Tylenol with Codeine unless the potential benefits clearly outweigh the possible dangers. As with other narcotic painkillers, taking Tylenol with Codeine shortly before delivery (especially at higher dosages) may cause some degree of breathing difficulty in the mother and newborn.

Some studies (but not all) have reported that codeine appears in breast milk and may affect a nursing infant. Therefore, nursing mothers should use Tylenol with Codeine only if the potential gains are greater than the potential hazards.

Recommended dosage

ADULTS

Dosage will depend on how severe your pain is and how you respond to the drug.

To Relieve Pain

A single dose may contain from 15 milligrams to 60 milligrams of codeine phosphate and from 300 to 1,000 milligrams of acetaminophen. The maximum dose in a 24-hour period should be 360 milligrams of codeine phosphate and 4,000 milligrams of acetaminophen. Your doctor will determine the amounts of codeine phosphate and acetaminophen taken in each dose. Doses may be repeated up to every 4 hours.

Single doses above 60 milligrams of codeine do not give enough pain relief to balance the increased number of side effects.

Adults may also take Tylenol with Codeine elixir (liquid). Tylenol with Codeine elixir contains 120 milligrams of acetaminophen and 12 milligrams of codeine phosphate per teaspoonful.

The usual adult dose is 1 tablespoonful every 4 hours as needed.

CHILDREN

The safety of Tylenol with Codeine elixir has not been established in children under 3 years old.

Children 3 to 6 years old may take 1 teaspoonful 3 or 4 times daily.

Children 7 to 12 years old may take 2 teaspoonsful 3 or 4 times daily.

OLDER ADULTS

Older people and anyone in a weakened or rundown condition should use Tylenol with Codeine cautiously.

Overdosage

Any medication taken in excess can cause symptoms of overdose. Severe overdosage of Tylenol with Codeine can cause death. If you suspect an overdose, seek medical attention immediately.

Symptoms of Tylenol with Codeine overdose may include:
Bluish skin, cold and clammy skin, coma due to low blood sugar, decreased, irregular, or stopped breathing, extreme sleepiness progressing to stupor or coma, general bodily discomfort, heart attack, kidney failure, liver failure, low blood pressure, muscle weakness, nausea, slow heartbeat, sweating, vomiting


Image : Acetaminophen, Codeine phosphate

Aceon

Generic name: Perindopril erbumine
Brand names: Aceon

Why is Aceon prescribed?

Aceon is used in the treatment of high blood pressure. It can be taken alone or in combination with thiazide diuretics that help rid the body of excess water. Aceon belongs to a family of drugs called angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. It works by preventing a chemical in your blood called angiotensin I from converting into a more potent form that increases salt and water retention in your body. Aceon also improves the flow of blood through the circulatory system.

Most important fact about Aceon

You must take Aceon regularly for it to be effective. Since blood pressure declines gradually, it may be several weeks before you get the full benefit of the drug; and you must continue taking it even if you are feeling well. Aceon does not cure blood pressure; it merely keeps it under control.

How should you take Aceon?

Aceon can be taken with or without food.

--If you miss a dose...

Take the forgotten dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the one you missed and go back to your regular schedule. Never take 2 doses at the same time.

--Storage instructions...

Store at room temperature, protected from moisture.

What side effects may occur?

If any side effects develop, they are usually mild and are likely to disappear as therapy continues. However, if any do appear, inform your doctor as soon as possible. Only your doctor can determine if it is safe for you to continue taking Aceon.

More common side effects may include:
Cough, dizziness, headache, leg pain, light-headedness, nasal inflammation, sore throat, upper respiratory infection, weakness

Why should Aceon not be prescribed?

If Aceon gives you an allergic reaction, or if you've had an allergic reaction to other ACE inhibitors, you should not take Aceon.

Special warnings about Aceon

If you develop signs of an allergic reaction (swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat; swollen arms and legs; difficulty swallowing or breathing) stop taking Aceon and contact your doctor immediately. You may need emergency treatment.

Contact your doctor if you develop abdominal pain with or without nausea and vomiting. ACE inhibitors such as Aceon have been known to cause intestinal swelling.

Aceon occasionally makes people dizzy, light-headed or faint, especially during the first few days of therapy. If these symptoms occur, contact your doctor. Do not drive, operate dangerous machinery, or participate in any hazardous activity that requires full mental alertness until you know how Aceon affects you. If you actually faint, stop taking the drug and call your doctor immediately.

Aceon can cause excessively low blood pressure, especially if your body is short of fluid. This problem is more likely if you are also taking a diuretic or suffer from diarrhea, vomiting, or excessive sweating. Call your doctor if you develop such signs of fluid depletion as dry mouth, weakness or fatigue, unusual thirst, restlessness or confusion, or reduced urination.

In rare instances, Aceon can damage the kidneys. When prescribing Aceon, your doctor will perform a complete assessment of your kidney function and will continue to monitor it. If you have kidney disease, the drug should be used with caution. The doctor will also take extra care if you have congestive heart failure or circulatory problems.

Aceon occasionally causes an unwanted increase in the body's potassium level. Do not use potassium supplements or salt substitutes containing potassium without your doctor's okay.

Contact your doctor promptly if you develop any sign of infection, such as a sore throat or fever. Also be sure to let the doctor know if you develop a persistent, dry cough. It could be a side effect that will disappear if the doctor switches you to another medication.

There have been rare cases of liver damage linked to Aceon. If you develop signs of liver problems such as yellowish skin and eyes, stop taking the medication and contact your doctor.

If you are receiving bee or wasp venom to prevent an allergic reaction to stings, taking Aceon at the same time may cause a severe allergic reaction. Make sure the allergist knows you are taking Aceon. In fact, before any type of procedure, notify your doctor or dentist that you are taking Aceon.

Possible food and drug interactions when taking Aceon

If Aceon is taken with certain other drugs, the effects of either could be increased, decreased, or altered. It is especially important to check with your doctor before combining Aceon with the following:

Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)
Diuretics such as Aldactone, Diuril, Dyazide, Lasix, and Moduretic
Indomethacin (Indocin)
Potassium supplements such K-Lyte, K-Tab, and Slow-K
Lithium (Eskalith, Lithobid, Lithonate)
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Gentamicin (Garamycin)

Special information if you are pregnant or breastfeeding

Aceon can cause injury or death to the developing baby when used during the last 6 months of pregnancy. Aceon should be stopped as soon as you know that you're pregnant; contact your doctor immediately.

Aceon may appear in breast milk and could affect a nursing infant. It should be used with caution if you are breastfeeding.

Recommended dosage

ADULTS

The usual starting dosage is 4 milligrams daily, taken as a single dose or divided into two smaller doses. Your doctor may increase the dosage until your blood pressure is under control, up to a maximum of 16 milligrams per day. A dose of 4 to 8 milligrams a day is usually sufficient.

If you have been taking a diuretic, your doctor may tell you to stop taking it 2 or 3 days before you start taking Aceon. If you need to continue the diuretic without interruption, the doctor may start you on Aceon at a reduced dose of 2 to 4 milligrams daily, then gradually increase the dosage if necessary.

If your blood pressure is not adequately controlled with Aceon alone, the doctor may add a diuretic to your regimen.

Aceon has not been tested in people with severe kidney disease. If you have mild kidney problems, the usual starting dosage is 2 milligrams or less per day. The dosage may be increased gradually to not more than 8 milligrams per day.

CHILDREN

Aceon has not been tested in children.

OLDER ADULTS

Higher doses (above 8 milligrams a day) are prescribed for older adults only with extra caution.

Overdosage

The most likely warning signs of an Aceon overdose are symptoms of excessively low blood pressure, including dizziness and light-headedness. If you suspect an overdose, seek medical attention immediately.

Image : Aceon